IoT Communications

IoT Communications

1. Professional Mobile Radio (PMR): 
• PMR network is a wireless network.
• PMR network is not accessible to the general public.
• PMR network frequency and the associated bandwidth is allocated for a user in the given period.
• Frequency bands in PMR are 40MZ, 80MZ, 150MZ, 400MZ.
• In the PMR network, both analog and digital technologies are used and cover area form 30km up to wide-area coverage. 
2. 2.5G / 3G / 4G: 
• These are the public networks.
• The coverage area is broad.
• 2.5G throughput is 8 to 40kbps (GPRS or EDGE)
• 3G throughput is 2Mbps (Moving) or 383kbps (Not Moving)
• 4G throughput is 100Mbps or more (LTE)
3. Satellite Communication:
• In satellite communication, network communication can be done through Geostationary Orbits (36,000 km above the earth) and Low Earth Orbit.
4. Zig Bee:
• This network is managed by the Zigbee Alliance.
• It is a low power network.
• The coverage area range is up to 10 meters.
• Mesh network topology is used.
5. Z Wave:
• This network is managed by the Z wave Alliance for home automation.
• It is also a low power network.
• It can cover up to 30 meters range area.
• Mesh network topology is used.
6. Leased Lines:
• In this network, there is a permanent connection established between two locations.
• Analog or digital data can be sent.
7. PSTN:
• The full form of PSTN is the Public Switching Telephone Network.
• PSTN requires Modem i.e. Modulator and Demodulator.
• The data rating is up to 56kbps.
• The cost is proportional to duration.
• Setup time is long.
8. WI-FI:
• Wi-Fi is the name of a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed Internet and network connections.
• A common misconception is that the term Wi-Fi is short for "wireless fidelity," however this is not the case.
• Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked phrase that means IEEE 802.11x.
• Wi-Fi alliance owns the brand range usually up to 100 meters outdoors.
9. Bluetooth:
• Originally designed to replace serial cables.
• Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances.
• The range is less than 100 meters.